Introduction about Veins Simulator:  Veins are the simulator that is used to observe analysis and simulate the vehicular environment. This is a specific simulator that is used for simulating road traffic management, accident management and also message dissemination visualization, etc. 

“Due to this article, you have an improvement in your technical knowledge about one of the modern wireless simulators that are Veins simulator, architecture, VANET background, and performance evaluation and more than that.”

VEINS are abbreviated from VEhicles in Network Simulation and this simulator is specially made for the communications between vehicles. The Veins have a limited number of features that cannot use for experimental purposes. In other words, the architecture of it cannot be described with V2I architecture but these servers are connected to all vehicles via RSU that is Road Side Unit.

Structure of Veins

           This Veins structure is a combination of two existing simulators that is OMNeT++ and SUMO. OMNeT++ is a simulation process for the discrete event in distributed system and SUMO is fully designed for traffic control simulations and maintains the large road network in urban areas. This veins simulator is also an open-source framework for vehicle communication.

• The architecture of veins contains some components like,
  • Other Simulator: SUMO, OMNeT++, and MiXiM
  • Process: Simulation control is fully done by OMNET++. Data collection is performed by both OMNeT++ and SUMO.
  • Layers: Media access layer, Physical layer.
  • Performance: Emission, mobility, traffic efficiency, comfort, and Traffic safety.
• This execution of simulation is done by running the OMNeT++ and SUMO simulators in a parallel manner. TCP sockets give the connection between two simulators. This kind of communication protocol is referred to as Traffic Interface Control that is shortly known as (TraCl).
• Veins simulator is implemented by the WAVE protocol stack this structure of the framework is written by object-oriented programming because of flexibility and easy to extend C++ and NED languages also.
• To the implementation of the scenario Veins follow two types there are RSU (Road-Side Unit) and car.

These are the structure of veins architecture. Then we will discuss some requirements, components of the Veins simulator, mobility, and Application in this simulator. Let us see each and every topic simultaneously,

Basic of Veins

           Here we consider one of the application in RSU and it’s consist of three important components.There are,

• Mobility: It is used to configure the Road Side Unit position.
• Applications: Consider this application level this RSU produce the WSMP data and sent the simulation result of V2I traffic from the RSU to the cars. This structure is the same for the other entity that is the car.
• NIC (Network Interface Card): It performs in the physical layer and also the MAC layer for the purpose of implementing the IEEE 802.11p technology.
  • This NIC is created with two kinds of simple NED modules that are PHY802.11 and MAC1609.4 these modules are connected with each other with gates of NED.

These are some main components in Road Side Unit. Then the next topic is the enhanced simulator module. In this topic, we will discuss how to choose the Veins with the V2X simulation. This is adaptable for academic purposes and also the research purpose. 

Enhanced Simulator module          

• In centralized network combination of RSU and server is provide the V2I communication with the realistic architecture of the Network.
• V2I and V2V communication are possible by Context of multiple applications.

Then we will move on to the next topic which is Vehicular ad-hoc network based on the Veins Simulator. Here, interconnect of two popular simulators is possible we always know that simulator i.e. OMNeT++ and SUMO for improving portability and availability of the vehicular network.

Veins based VANET

• SUMO is a kind of traffic simulator which is maintained traffic with high portability.
• If we consider the behavior of vehicles individually like location, speed, acceleration and also having some route definitions based on the maps based on departure and arrival time.
• Then the OMNeT++ is the most efficient framework which useful for both study and research purposes.

These Veins simulator have some preferable performance that is mobility, stability, and portability model in the network. Then we will go through the VANET background. The architecture of VANET is has a static framework of the VANET protocol stack it also involves the applications, communications, security, and services.

Background of Vehicular ad-hoc Networking

• Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments is the standard method for VANET.
• In this method, consider some emergency periods all vehicles are interacting with each other are very important. Because of those kinds of communication due to the heavy signal, it might be a chance of congestion occurring.
• To reduce this kind of congestion in ITS, Decentralized Congestion Control (DCC) does the work of reducing the congestion on the particular network.
• Now a day’s safety and non-safety applications for periodical and signal radio that is provided by the IEEE standard.

In between service channels and control channels, there is an operation performed that is called synchronously switching. These are the same basic concept about the background of VANET. Then the next topic is the Background of the Veins. It is an open-source integrated simulator mainly constructed for VANET applications. We already know the Veins is coupled with the existing two simulators there are SUMO and OMNeT++. Let we will see about the background of the VEINS.

Background of Veins Simulator

           Veins simulator coordinates and controls the two simulators which are SUMO and OMNeT++ the connection between these simulators are possible by using Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connections.

• TraCl connection protocol is used to the connection standardization
• Because of this protocol, the movement vehicle is monitored
• Movement of the vehicle is monitored by the SUMO simulators and movement of nodes are monitored by the OMNeT++ simulator
• Now a day, there are many researchers who publish the new and improved version and the proposed concept of veins simulator and first-time implementation of this simulator.

The above points are insisted on the background of the VEINS. Then the next topic we will see about the network simulation and coupled mobility in veins simulator and the integration of simulator gives some advantages we also see that advantages under this topic.

Network Simulation and Coupled Mobility in Veins

• One of the major requirements of vehicular simulation is patterns of realistic mobility.
• The use of the tool in the SUMO simulator is able to perform one or more simulations at a single time and feedbacks are sent to the simulator it has some information’s like speed and position of the node otherwise produces a trace that is a backend of the simulator.

Advantages of coupling in Veins

• The simulator is used in veins that two individual is expert in those respective areas or fields.
  • It will give the minimum of the error to solve.
• The combination of two simulators in one particular API (Application program Interface) is much easy to develop a simulation process.
  • Independently upgrade of simulator it is chance to stable API.

Then we are going to another topic that is Cooperation of Vehicular and ITS communications. If the network architecture and vehicles are communicating with each other that situation is called C-ITS. The transmission of data is solved by radio transmission in vehicle-to-infrastructure or vehicle-to-vehicle infrastructure. Finally, some performance evaluations are also seen in the below section.

Communication between Vehicular and Cooperative ITS

Here RSUs are connected to the network infrastructure for the purpose of communication between vehicles is connected to the centralized application servers. Then the cooperative ITS can be classified into three categories. There are,

• Comfort Applications: The main purpose of this application is to improve the comfort of the passengers. Comfort application fives various services such as free parking slots, energy supply station location and maintenance facility, and so on.
• Safety Category: These applications mainly concentrate on road safety and avoid accidents. In this application, drivers have some services there are awareness notification, collision, and hazards warning, and cooperative driving assistant.
• Traffic management applications: It is used for increasing the network capacity of the node. This has some methods for improving the efficiency by the services like cooperative optimization navigation and dynamic road speed limit management.

Performance Metrics: Here two kinds of performance are considered. There are,

• Throughput: successfully received data per second.
• End to End Delay (E2E Delay): average time is taken for messages to reach the source to destination.

So far, we will discuss form the basics of the Veins simulator and its coupling architecture, the backgrounds of VEINS and VANET, and more about the veins. Our experts have great knowledge about this technology and also have innovative project ideas. We have more number of developing and developed projects similar to this Veins simulator. For further clarification kindly contact us.