SUMO simulator mainly works for a large number of road networks with it have functionalities are the higher amount of portability, it is open-source software that’s why anyone can access and study the source code of this simulator and also can everyone can modify it. It has some packages like continuous traffic and microscope simulation packages for maintaining a large network for road maintenance.

“We assure you this article is providing lots of ideas and knowledge use of SUMO simulator, Packages, Extensions and many more information about the SUMO.”

           SUMO is derived from the word Simulation of Urban Mobility. Here, to create a scenario it has some intermodal simulation and also having pedestrians are also used for road management.

Using SUMO software

• First, you will open the netedit.
• Then go to the SUMO packages in the bin directory.
• Next, go to File -> New Network that helps create a new network.
• Mainly creation of a node is important it is created by using canvas and clicking on it.
• After the creation of nodes and networks, they will connect automatically with each other.
• Now we are getting the first edge of our network.

The above list represents how to create a network, node, and edge in SUMO software. Then we are going to discuss some basic usage of input files in the SUMO Simulation.Befor beginning the process, let us learn about sumo installation. Here the input is mandatory for the simulator which is in the form of sumo and sumo-gui. Let us see about some input files in simulator SUMO.

Basic Input Files in SUMO Simulator

           Here we discuss four kinds of input files that are used for input files. There are,

• Parsing order
• Road networks
• Additional files
• Traffic demand. Let us each input files in a detailed manner.

Parsing order

Here, is important to know about what the input is loaded and when it loaded because of getting reference of the correct resolution. Then we will follow some steps to achieve a result. There are,

• Entire networks are read first.
• The complete additional files are fully read from the top to bottom and it follows the order that is given to the options.
• Then first n steps are opened when the route file is read.
• For n number of steps then the route of the next n number of steps can be read.

Road Network

           If we consider the simulation process –net-file<NETWORK_FILE> (or –n<NETWORK_FILE) this is the command is used for the SUMO road network. Then the road networks are mainly built with some netgenerate or a netconvert.

Additional Files

           If we add some additional entities in an already constructed network that is important to add one or more additional files. Here the following list consists of some kind of additional files. Mentioning this additional file definition and structures are given some simulation. Then the additional files in the form of <FILE> [, <FILE>]*. The entities are,

• Demand related entities: routes and vehicle type
• Dynamic solution control structure: rerouters and variable speed sign
• Additional Visualization: polygons and POIs that’s houses and rives
• Infrastructure related things: bus stops, traffic light program, and induction loops

Traffic demand (Routes)

• Here the simulation of the vehicle is most important than the definition of vehicle simulation is simply contains vehicle routes, vehicle types, and vehicles.
• If we want to simulate more routes in one simulation is also possible and the routes are must be stored in the network.
• –route-files<ROUTES_FILE>[,<ROUTES_FILE>]*(or-r<ROUTES_FILE>)[,<ROUTES_FILE>]*) this the option for choosing the simulation models.

The above four topics insist on some input files for the SUMO then we will discuss packages of the SUMO simulator with having a lot of applications we discuss that application in the order of application name: description. Let we will see the packages.

Packages

• Sumo-gui: Using the simulation for microscopic simulation with Graphical User Interface.
• Sumo: It’s a microscopic Simulation with a command-line application with no visualization.
• Netgenerate: It builds an abstract network for SUMO Simulations.
• Netconvert: It is used to read the road network from several converts and formats.
• Netedit: It is a graphical network editor. 
• Marouter: To performing a microscopic assignment.
• Jtrrouter: It is used to compute the routed using junction percentages.
• Dfrouter: It if construct a route in induction loop measurements.
• Polyconvert: It is also used for the imported points interests and polygons from different formats.
• od2trips: To perform the microscope assignment.
• EmissionDrivingCycle: It is a calculategiven driving cycle.
• EmissionMap: To create an emission map.
• Acativitygen: It generates demand based on mobility for the modeled population.

It has some additional tools also that perform the operation that is writing large application is necessary then the solution of many problems covered to the tool. So, these are some basic tool which is used for the SUMO simulator. Let we will go through the file extension in SUMO software and its extension.

Imported and Exported Files for SUMO simulator 

           Here we consider two types of file extension that are imported files and exported files. Then we separately see each topic.

Exported Files

• *.xml: further output for MATSim road network and see network
• Unknown: See Tools/TraceExporter and GPSDAT.
• OMNeT: See Tools/TraceExporter, mobility-traces.
• *.dri, *.str, *.fzp, *.flt: See Tools/TraceExporter, PHEM input files
• Shawn: See Tools/TraceExporter, snapshot-files.
• *.tcl: activity-files, mobility-files, See Tools/TraceExporter, ns2/ns3 trace-files.
• *.xodr: see Network/Further Outputs, OpenDRIVE XML network.

Imported files

• *.xml: netconvert that are imported for MATSim road network, see Network/Import/MATSim.
• *.osm: see OpenStreetMap files, polyconvert and netconvert it used to import for OpenStreetMap XML database.
• *.shp, *.shx, *.dbf: polyconvert and netconvert import for ArcView-network that has the definitions of shape indices and shape.
• *.inp: netconvert is import for OpenDRIVE XML network files.
• *.net: See Network/import/VISUM and polyconvert and netconvert import for VISUM network.

These are some imported and exported file extensions that are used in SUMO software. SUMO simulator has a lot of features to achieve high portability for a then large amount of road network maintenance and control.

Features of SUMO

• Time-discrete vehicle movement and simulation of space-continuous.
• To perform the traffic simulation requires all applications like simulation, routes import and network, and DUA.
• Detector-based, network-based, edge-based, and vehicle-based outputs.
• Here, it has more number of vehicle types. There are,
• During the run time interoperability with other applications.
  • Lane changing of Multi-lane streets.
  • It has a fast execution speed that is up to 100.000 vehicle updates per second on a 1GHz machine.
  • OpenGL is a fast working graphical user interface.
  • To manage the network with several of 10.000 edges or streets.
• Imported networks
  • Using heuristics is useful for determining the missing value.
  • To import XML descriptions, VISUM, OpenDRIVE, Vissim, MATSim, Shapefiles, Robocup, and OSM.
• Distribution packages are mainly for Windows and Linux.
• Routing purpose
  • Portability libraries and standard C++ are used.
  • It has high portability.
  • Each vehicle has its microscopic routes.
  • Various kinds of Dynamic User Assignment algorithms are used.
• It is open-source software.
• Using XML data that achieves high portability.

In the next topic, we will discuss the application areas of the SUMO simulator. Let us see some application area which is used in the SUMO simulation.

Applications of SUMO Simulator

• To investigate the vehicle route choice, having
  • Network-wide influences with route choice of the autonomous
  • Development of novel methods. For instance, pollutant emission evaluation using eco-aware routing
• To evaluate the performance of traffic lights contains an evaluation of modern algorithm of weekly time plans.
• This simulator is used for vehicle telephony behavior with the performance evaluation based on GSM-based traffic surveillance.
• It is mainly used in the V2X community to provide realistic vehicle trace and online-loop evaluation for a veins simulator.
• The validation and simulation process is useful to co-operate autonomous driving.
• Traffic effect simulation of pantaloons and autonomous vehicles.
• AI-based dispatching of vehicles is used to simulate railway traffics.  
• Calculation of pollutants and noise
• Traffic risk analysis and traffic safety

So, the above list illustrates some applications of the SUMO simulator which is used in our day-to-day life. Mainly, this application is based on road maintenance the basic idea of SUMO is to handle and maintain the large road network with high portability. Finally, we will see about trace file generation in the SUMO.

Trace file generation

• Sumo is needed to python programming for generate the trace files for PHEM, OMNeT, ns2/ns3, and Shawn and also used Tools/TraceExporter.

We hope this article is very useful to gain your knowledge about one of the modern technology that is the SUMO simulator. For more clarifications kindly contact us.