The communication delay, which has great impact on vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) networks, faces a large challenge on account of complex network topology. In this paper, a novel architecture that integrates LTE networks with IEEE 802.11 based Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is proposed, due to their high data transmission rates and wide coverage area, respectively. The proposed scheme aims at delay analysis, which is under stochastic network calculus.

The service rate of LTE wireless channels is modeled as a Markov modulation process by the mobility process of vehicles, and the behavior of IEEE 802.11 communication is characterized by a service model with the derived single packet access delay. Based on the analytical principle of stochastic network calculus, the stochastic delay upper bounds of V2I communication networks are derived via the Moment Generating Function (MGF) method. Finally, analytical and simulation results are utilized to validate the accuracy of the proposed model.