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How to Implement Tree Topology in OMNeT++

To implement a tree topology in OMNeT++ has embrace to generate the hierarchical network structure where nodes are linked in a parent-child relationship that similar to a tree. The central node (root) associates to intermediate nodes, which in turn connect to leaf nodes. This topology is frequently used in hierarchical networks such those establish in large organizations or for assured kinds of sensor networks. The below are the procedures on how to implement the tree topology in OMNeT++ using the INET framework:

Step-by-Step Implementation:

  1. Set up OMNeT++ and INET Framework
  • Make sure that OMNeT++ and the INET framework are installed and correctly configured. The INET framework offers the essential modules for emulated the different network topologies and protocols.
  1. Define the Tree Topology in a NED File
  • Create a .ned file to describe the network topology. In a tree topology, nodes are organized hierarchically, with each node connecting to its child nodes.

Example:

package treeTopologyExample;

import inet.node.inet.StandardHost;

import inet.node.inet.Router;

network TreeTopology

{

parameters:

int depth = default(3);  // Depth of the tree

int branches = default(2);  // Number of branches per node

submodules:

root: Router {

parameters:

@display(“p=400,100”);

}

level1[branches]: Router {

parameters:

@display(“p=200+400*i/(branches-1),200”);

}

level2[branches*branches]: StandardHost {

parameters:

@display(“p=100+200*(i%(branches)),300+100*(i/branches)”);

}

connections allowunconnected:

for i=0..branches-1 {

root.ethg++ <–> Eth10G <–> level1[i].ethg++;

}

for i=0..branches-1 {

for j=0..branches-1 {

level1[i].ethg++ <–> Eth10G <–> level2[i*branches+j].ethg++;

}

}

}

  • In this example:
    • Router is used for intermediate nodes (levels 1 and above), while StandardHost represents the leaf nodes.
    • Depth controls how many levels deep the tree will be, and branches controls how many child nodes each parent node will have.
    • Nodes are placed in a hierarchical structure to visually represent the tree.
  1. Configure the Nodes in OMNeT++ INI File
  • In the omnetpp.ini file, configure the properties of the nodes. We need to specify IP addresses, routing protocols, applications running on the nodes, and other relevant parameters.

Example:

network = treeTopologyExample.TreeTopology

# Configure IP addresses and routing (assuming IPv4)

*.root.ipv4.arp.typename = “GlobalArp”

*.level1[*].ipv4.arp.typename = “GlobalArp”

*.level2[*].ipv4.arp.typename = “GlobalArp”

# Example application setup: root node sends data to one of the leaf nodes

*.root.numApps = 1

*.root.app[0].typename = “UdpBasicApp”

*.root.app[0].destAddresses = “10.0.0.3”  # IP address of a leaf node

*.root.app[0].destPort = 5000

*.root.app[0].messageLength = 1024B

*.root.app[0].sendInterval = 1s

*.level2[*].numApps = 1

*.level2[0].app[0].typename = “UdpSink”

*.level2[0].app[0].localPort = 5000

  • In this example:
    • The root node sends UDP packets to a particular leaf node, which is configured to receive and process the data.
    • An XML file or a script could be used for IP address assignment and routing configuration, particular for larger networks.
  1. Configure Routing Protocols
  • If needed, configure routing protocols to handle how data is forwarded through the network. For example, static routes can be used, or dynamic routing protocols like OSPF or AODV can be configured.

Example:

*.root.hasOspf = true

*.level1[*].hasOspf = true

*.level2[*].hasOspf = true

  • This configuration enables OSPF on all nodes, which will enthusiastically estimate the best paths for data to travel through the tree.
  1. Run the Simulation
  • After setting up the network topology and configuration compile and run the simulation in OMNeT++. We should see all nodes organized in a tree structure, with data being routed via the hierarchy.
  1. Analyze the Results
  • Use OMNeT++’s built-in tools to visualize and measure the network traffic. Investigate how data flows through the tree, how the hierarchical structure impacts latency, and how well the network handles traffic.
  1. Enhancements and Variations
  • Dynamic Tree Topology: To mimic the scenario where nodes are added or removed from the tree dynamically to see how the network adapts.
  • Fault Tolerance: Simulate failures at various levels of the tree and monitor how traffic is rerouted or how the network’s performance is impacted.
  • Performance Analysis: Evaluate the performance of the network in terms of throughput, latency, and load on different levels under varying traffic conditions.

Example Files

  1. TreeTopology.ned: State the tree topology.
  2. omnetpp.ini: Contains configuration settings for the simulation.

We had learned and get knowledge about how the tree topology will perform in the OMNeT++ tool that has evaluate the performance of the network under varying traffic conditions. If you need any details about tree topology then we will provide it.

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