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How to Implement Token Ring Topology in OMNeT++

To implement a Token Ring topology in OMNeT++ has needs to generate the network where nodes are linked in a circular fashion, and a token circulates around the ring and controlling which node can transfer the information. This topology guarantees that only one node can send information at a time, mitigate the collisions and handling the network access effectively.

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The given procedures are help to implement the Token ring topology in OMNeT++:

Step-by-Step Implementation:

  1. Set up OMNeT++ and INET Framework
  • Make sure that OMNeT++ and the INET framework are installed and configured correctly. The INET framework offers the essential modules for emulating the different network topologies, but the Token Ring protocol itself needs to be executed, as it is not included by default.
  1. Define the Token Ring Topology in a NED File
  • Generate a .ned file to describe the network topology. The Token Ring topology connects nodes in a circular manner, forming a loop.

Example:

package tokenRingTopologyExample;

import inet.node.inet.StandardHost;

network TokenRingTopology

{

parameters:

int numNodes = default(5);  // Number of nodes in the Token Ring topology

submodules:

node[numNodes]: StandardHost {

parameters:       @display(“p=200+200*cos(pi/2+i*2*pi/numNodes),200+200*sin(pi/2+i*2*pi/numNodes)”);

ethg[0].typename = “TokenRingInterface”;  // Custom Token Ring Interface

}

connections allowunconnected:

// Connect each node to form a ring

for i=0..numNodes-2 {

node[i].ethg[0] <–> EtherChannel <–> node[i+1].ethg[0];

}

node[numNodes-1].ethg[0] <–> EtherChannel <–> node[0].ethg[0];  // Complete the ring

}

  • Custom Interface: TokenRingInterface is a placeholder for a custom module that emulates Token Ring behavior. Since OMNeT++ does not natively support Token Ring, this module must be developed to manage the token passing and access control.
  1. Implement Token Ring Protocol Behavior (Custom Development Required)
  • Custom Protocol Implementation: The key aspects of a Token Ring network are the token-passing mechanism. we need to execute a custom module that manages the following behaviours:
    • Token Passing: The token circulates around the ring, and only the node holding the token can transmit data.
    • Token Release: After transmitting, the node releases the token, passing it to the next node.
    • Token Initialization: The network must starts with a token circulating around the ring.

Example:

  • Create a new module called TokenRingInterface that extends EthernetInterface or another suitable base class.
  • Execute the logic for token holding, token passing, and managing data transmission when the token is held.
  1. Configure the Nodes in OMNeT++ INI File
  • In the omnetpp.ini file, configure the properties of the nodes has contain IP addresses and the applications they will run.

Example:

network = tokenRingTopologyExample.TokenRingTopology

# Configure IP addresses

*.node[*].ipv4.arp.typename = “GlobalArp”

*.node[*].ppp[0].ipv4.address = “10.0.0.x”

*.node[*].ppp[0].ipv4.netmask = “255.255.255.0”

# Example application setup: node 0 communicates with node 3

*.node[0].numApps = 1

*.node[0].app[0].typename = “UdpBasicApp”

*.node[0].app[0].destAddresses = “10.0.0.4”  # IP address of node[3]

*.node[0].app[0].destPort = 5000

*.node[0].app[0].messageLength = 1024B

*.node[0].app[0].sendInterval = 1s

*.node[3].numApps = 1

*.node[3].app[0].typename = “UdpSink”

*.node[3].app[0].localPort = 5000

  • In this example:
    • node[0] is configured to send UDP packets to node[3].
    • node[3] is configured to receive and process the packets.
    • The custom TokenRingInterface module manages token passing and make sure that only the node holding the token can transmit.
  1. Run the Simulation
  • After setting up the network topology and configuration compile and run the simulation in OMNeT++. Observe the features of the token passing around the ring and make certain that only one node transmits at a time.
  1. Analyse the Results
  • Use OMNeT++’s built-in tools to visualize and measure the network traffic. Monitor the token circulation, data transmission, and how the network manages token passing under diverse conditions.
  1. Enhancements and Variations
  • Error Handling: Implement error handling for scenarios where the token is lost or a node fails.
  • Token Recovery: Implement mechanisms for regenerating a lost token or recovering from network failures.
  • Performance Metrics: Evaluate the network’s performance in terms of latency, throughput, and token passing efficiency.

Example Files

  1. TokenRingTopology.ned: State the basic Token Ring topology.
  2. omnetpp.ini: Contains configuration settings for the simulation.

Overall, we had seen how the token ring topology will simulate the network and how it controlling and manage the network access effectively using the OMNeT++ tool. We plan to deliver the more data regarding the token ring topology.

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