How to Implement Scheduling Cell Resource in OMNeT++

To implement cell resource scheduling in OMNeT++ has encompasses to emulate the allocation of radio resources like time slots, frequency bands, or resource blocks in a cellular network that usually for LTE or 5G networks. The aim of resource scheduling is to handle the available bandwidth effectively between various users and make sure quality of service (QoS) for each user, liable on the traffic demand and network conditions. In this sample we will concentrate on simulating basic scheduling of cell resources in a cellular network using OMNeT++ and INET.

Steps to Implement Cell Resource Scheduling in OMNeT++

1. Install OMNeT++ and INET Framework:
   • Make sure that OMNeT++ and the INET framework are installed. We might also want to incorporate an LTE or 5G library (like SimuLTE or Simu5G) to emulate the cellular networks.
2. Define the Network Topology:
   • Generate a network topology using a .ned file that describe the cellular base station (eNodeB or gNB in LTE/5G), and multiple user equipment (UE). The base station will be responsible for distributing the available resources to the relevant UEs.
3. Implement a Resource Scheduler:
   • Execute or adjust a resource scheduler module that distributes resources to UEs based on their traffic demands, QoS requirements, and network conditions. we can use or extend an existing scheduling techniques like Round Robin, Proportional Fair, or Max-Min Fairness.
4. Distribute Resources:
   • The scheduler will shared the resources such as time slots or frequency bands between the UEs. In LTE or 5G, this can be completed in terms of resource blocks (RBs). The base station is essential to manage the distribution of RBs based on the scheduling policy.
5. Configure Simulation Parameters:
   • Use the .ini file to configure parameters like the number of UEs, scheduling intervals, bandwidth, and transmission power. The configuration will also describe how commoly the scheduler distribute resources and how traffic is created for each UE.
6. Run the Simulation and Analyse Results:
   • Implement the simulation and evaluate how resources are distributed to numerous UEs. Key metrics that contain throughput per UE, fairness of resource allocation, delay, and how QoS is maintained under various traffic loads.

Example: Implementing a Basic Resource Scheduler for a Cellular Network

1. Define the Network Topology in a .ned File

// CellResourceSchedulingNetwork.ned

package networkstructure;

import inet.node.inet.StandardHost;

import inet.node.inet.Router;

network CellResourceSchedulingNetwork

{

submodules:

eNodeB: Router {

@display(“p=250,250”);

numApps = 1;

app[0].typename = “CellResourceScheduler”;

}

ue1: StandardHost {

@display(“p=100,100”);

numApps = 1;

app[0].typename = “UdpBasicApp”;

}

ue2: StandardHost {

@display(“p=300,100”);

numApps = 1;

app[0].typename = “UdpBasicApp”;

}

ue3: StandardHost {

@display(“p=200,300”);

numApps = 1;

app[0].typename = “UdpBasicApp”;

}

connections:

ue1.wlan[0] <–> WirelessChannel <–> eNodeB.wlan[0];

ue2.wlan[0] <–> WirelessChannel <–> eNodeB.wlan[1];

ue3.wlan[0] <–> WirelessChannel <–> eNodeB.wlan[2];

}

2. Implement the Resource Scheduler

The resource scheduler allocates the resources like time slots or resource blocks between UEs based on their traffic demand. The given below is the sample scheduler in C++ that distributes resources equally between all UEs.

#include <omnetpp.h>

#include <inet/applications/base/ApplicationBase.h>

using namespace omnetpp;

using namespace inet;

class CellResourceScheduler : public ApplicationBase

{

protected:

int numUEs;                   // Number of UEs connected to the eNodeB

int totalResourceBlocks;      // Total number of available resource blocks (RBs)

std::vector<int> rbAllocation;  // Resource block allocation for each UE

virtual void initialize(int stage) override;

virtual void handleMessageWhenUp(cMessage *msg) override;

void allocateResources();

public:

virtual int numInitStages() const override { return NUM_INIT_STAGES; }

};

Define_Module(CellResourceScheduler);

void CellResourceScheduler::initialize(int stage)

{

ApplicationBase::initialize(stage);

if (stage == INITSTAGE_APPLICATION_LAYER) {

// Assume 3 UEs connected to the eNodeB for this example

numUEs = 3;

totalResourceBlocks = par(“totalResourceBlocks”); // Set in omnetpp.ini

rbAllocation.resize(numUEs, 0);

// Schedule resource allocation at the start

scheduleAt(simTime() + 1, new cMessage(“allocateResources”));

}

}

void CellResourceScheduler::handleMessageWhenUp(cMessage *msg)

{

if (strcmp(msg->getName(), “allocateResources”) == 0) {

allocateResources();

scheduleAt(simTime() + 1, msg);  // Re-schedule to allocate resources periodically

} else {

delete msg;

}

}

void CellResourceScheduler::allocateResources()

{

// Example: Simple round-robin resource allocation

int rbPerUE = totalResourceBlocks / numUEs;

EV << “Allocating ” << rbPerUE << ” RBs per UE.” << endl;

for (int i = 0; i < numUEs; ++i) {

rbAllocation[i] = rbPerUE;  // Allocate equal RBs to each UE

EV << “Allocated ” << rbAllocation[i] << ” RBs to UE ” << i + 1 << endl;

}

}

3. Modify Node Modules to Use the Scheduler

Expand the base station (eNodeB) to contain the scheduler for distributing the resources.

simple Router extends inet.node.inet.Router

{

parameters:

@display(“i=device/router”);

numApps = 1;

app[0].typename = “CellResourceScheduler”;

}

4. Configure the Simulation in the .ini File

network = networkstructure.CellResourceSchedulingNetwork

sim-time-limit = 60s

# Application settings for UEs

**.ue*.app[0].destAddr = “eNodeB”;

**.ue*.app[0].destPort = 1000;

**.ue*.app[0].messageLength = 512B;

**.ue*.app[0].sendInterval = exponential(0.02s);

# Resource scheduler settings for eNodeB

**.eNodeB.app[0].totalResourceBlocks = 100;  # Total number of resource blocks

5. Explanation of the Example

• Network Topology (CellResourceSchedulingNetwork.ned):
  • The network contains of an eNodeB and three UEs (ue1, ue2, and ue3), connected wirelessly.
  • The eNodeB is responsible for distribute resources such as time slots or resource blocks to the UEs.
• Resource Scheduler (CellResourceScheduler.cc):
  • The CellResourceScheduler module distributes resource blocks (RBs) equally among the UEs. A simple round-robin algorithm is used in this example.
  • We can expand this with more sophisticated techniques such as Proportional Fair, Max-Min Fairness, etc.
• Simulation Configuration (omnetpp.ini):
  • The .ini file configures traffic from the UEs and sets the number of resource blocks available at the eNodeB.

Running the Simulation

• Compile project in OMNeT++ IDE and executed the simulation.
• Use OMNeT++’s tools to evaluate how resources are distributed between the UEs and observe metrics such as throughput and fairness.

Extending the Example

• Proportional Fair Scheduling: Execute a proportional fair scheduler that distributes resources based on a combination of data rate and fairness.
• QoS-aware Scheduling: Extend the scheduler to consider QoS requirements, giving priority to traffic types with higher QoS demands like VoIP over web browsing.
• Multiple Cells: Extend the network to contain multiple base stations (eNodeBs) and execute inter-cell resource coordination.
• Adaptive Resource Allocation: Make known to dynamic resource allocation based on traffic load, link quality, and network congestion.

Through the simulation, we clearly understood the basic concepts on how to implement the cell resource scheduling in OMNeT++ tool and also we deliver the specific details about the cell resource scheduling implementation process in other scenarios.

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