How to Implement Route by Hybrid Protocols in OMNeT++
To implement routing by hybrid protocols in OMNeT++ has needs to integrate the aspects of both proactive and reactive routing protocols. Hybrid routing protocols like Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) aims to deliver the advantages of both proactive and reactive approaches by sustaining routing tables for nearby nodes while discovering routes to distant nodes on-demand.
The below are the procedures to execute the hybrid routing protocol in OMNeT++:
Steps to Implement Hybrid Routing Protocol in OMNeT++
- Install OMNeT++ and INET Framework:
- Make sure that OMNeT++ and the INET framework are installed, as INET delivers a rich set of tools for network simulation.
- Define Network Topology:
- Generate a network topology in a .ned file that contains the nodes denotes the devices in the network. The nodes will use the hybrid routing protocol for communication.
- Design the Hybrid Routing Protocol:
- The hybrid protocol usually divides the network into zones. Within each zone, proactive routing is used like maintaining a routing table, since for nodes outside the zone, reactive routing is deployed like route discovery.
- Implement the Hybrid Routing Protocol in C++:
- Execute the logic for both proactive and reactive components of the hybrid protocol.
- Generate the hybrid protocol class that handles the zones that handles routing tables for nearby nodes, and manage route discovery for distant nodes.
- Integrate the Routing Protocol with Nodes:
- Adjust the node modules to use the hybrid routing protocol for packet forwarding.
- Simulation Configuration:
- Configure the simulation parameters in the .ini file that contains the zone radius, routing update intervals, and other protocol-specific parameters.
- Run and Analyse the Simulation:
- Perform the simulation and assess the performance of the hybrid routing protocol using parameters like packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and control overhead.
Example: Implementing a Simple Hybrid Routing Protocol
- Network Definition in .ned File
network HybridRoutingNetwork
{
submodules:
node1: HybridNode {
@display(“p=100,200”);
}
node2: HybridNode {
@display(“p=200,200”);
}
node3: HybridNode {
@display(“p=300,200”);
}
node4: HybridNode {
@display(“p=200,100”);
}
connections:
node1.radioModule <–> node2.radioModule;
node2.radioModule <–> node3.radioModule;
node2.radioModule <–> node4.radioModule;
node3.radioModule <–> node4.radioModule;
}
- Implement the Hybrid Routing Protocol in C++
Generate a C++ class for the hybrid routing protocol.
class HybridRouting : public cSimpleModule
{
protected:
struct RoutingTableEntry {
int nextHop;
int hopCount;
};
std::map<int, RoutingTableEntry> routingTable;
double zoneRadius;
virtual void initialize() override;
virtual void handleMessage(cMessage *msg) override;
void proactiveRouting();
void reactiveRouting(int destination);
public:
void forwardPacket(cPacket *packet);
};
Define_Module(HybridRouting);
void HybridRouting::initialize()
{
zoneRadius = par(“zoneRadius”);
// Initialize the routing table with direct neighbors
proactiveRouting();
}
void HybridRouting::handleMessage(cMessage *msg)
{
if (cPacket *packet = dynamic_cast<cPacket *>(msg)) {
int destination = packet->getDestination();
if (routingTable.find(destination) != routingTable.end()) {
forwardPacket(packet);
} else {
reactiveRouting(destination);
forwardPacket(packet);
}
}
}
void HybridRouting::proactiveRouting()
{
// Proactively maintain routes to nodes within the zone radius
for (int i = 0; i < gateSize(“out”); i++) {
cGate *outGate = gate(“out”, i);
int neighborId = outGate->getNextGate()->getOwnerModule()->getId();
double distance = outGate->getChannel()->par(“distance”);
if (distance <= zoneRadius) {
routingTable[neighborId] = {neighborId, 1}; // Direct neighbor
}
}
}
void HybridRouting::reactiveRouting(int destination)
{
// Discover routes to nodes outside the zone radius using a reactive approach
cMessage *routeRequest = new cMessage(“RouteRequest”);
send(routeRequest, “out”);
// Wait for a route reply (not implemented in this simple example)
}
void HybridRouting::forwardPacket(cPacket *packet)
{
int destination = packet->getDestination();
if (routingTable.find(destination) != routingTable.end()) {
send(packet, “out”, routingTable[destination].nextHop);
} else {
delete packet; // Drop the packet if no route is found
}
}
- Modify Node Modules to Use Hybrid Routing
Cover the node description to use the hybrid routing protocol.
simple HybridNode
{
gates:
input radioIn;
output radioOut;
submodules:
radioModule: Radio {
@display(“p=50,50”);
}
routing: HybridRouting {
@display(“p=100,100”);
}
connections:
radioIn –> routing.in;
routing.out –> radioOut;
}
- Configure the Simulation in .ini File
network = HybridRoutingNetwork
sim-time-limit = 100s
**.zoneRadius = 100m # Example zone radius
**.radio.txPower = 1mW
Running the Simulation
- Compile the C++ code and execute the simulation in OMNeT++.
- Evaluate the performance of the hybrid routing protocol by monitoring how it handles routes for nodes within and outside the zone radius.
At the last, we entirely understand how routing by hybrid protocols is implemented in OMNeT++ and that delivers the best path rapidly using the hybrid protocols features. More information will be shared about routing by hybrid protocols and its execution in different simulations.
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