How to Implement QoS aware Routing in OMNeT++

To implement QoS-aware routing in OMNeT++ has encompasses to generate the routing protocol that take account of Quality of Service (QoS) requirements when choosing the routes for data packets. This method make certain that network resources are distributed and handled in a way that meets the particular needs of various types of traffic, like real-time voice, video, or best-effort data. The below are the procedures to execute the QoS-aware routing in OMNeT++:

Steps to Implement QoS-aware Routing in OMNeT++

Install OMNeT++ and INET Framework:
- Make sure that OMNeT++ and the INET framework are installed. INET delivers numerous networking protocols and models that can be expanded or customized to apply QoS-aware routing.
Define the Network Topology:
- Generate a network topology using a .ned files, particularly in routers, hosts, and their connections. The routers will use a QoS-aware routing protocol to forward packets.
Implement or Extend a Routing Protocol:
- Either execute a new QoS-aware routing protocol or expand an existing one like OSPF, AODV, etc.. The routing decisions should be based on QoS metrics such as bandwidth, delay, jitter, and packet loss.
Integrate QoS Metrics into the Routing Algorithm:
- Adjust the routing algorithm to assess paths based on QoS metrics. The techniques should choose the paths that meet the essential QoS for various kinds of traffic.
Simulate Different Traffic Types:
- Setup the different kinds of traffic in the network, like real-time video, VoIP, and best-effort data. Each traffic type should have particular QoS requirements that the routing protocol must consider.
Configure Simulation Parameters:
- Use the .ini file to configure the parameters for the QoS-aware routing protocol that contains weights for various QoS metrics, traffic generation rates, and simulation time.
Run the Simulation and Analyse Results:
- Execute the simulation and evaluate how well the QoS-aware routing protocol performs in meeting the QoS requirements of various traffic types. Key metrics include end-to-end delay, jitter, packet delivery ratio, and bandwidth utilization.

Example: Implementing a Basic QoS-aware Routing Protocol

Define the Network Topology in a .ned File

// QoSAwareRoutingNetwork.ned

package networkstructure;

import inet.node.inet.StandardHost;

import inet.node.inet.Router;

network QoSAwareRoutingNetwork

{

submodules:

routerA: Router {

@display(“p=100,200”);

}

routerB: Router {

@display(“p=300,200”);

}

hostA: StandardHost {

@display(“p=50,100”);

numApps = 1;

app[0].typename = “UdpBasicApp”;

}

hostB: StandardHost {

@display(“p=350,100”);

numApps = 1;

app[0].typename = “UdpBasicApp”;

}

connections:

hostA.ppp[0] <–> Ethernet100m <–> routerA.ppp[0];

routerA.ppp[1] <–> Ethernet100m <–> routerB.ppp[0];

routerB.ppp[1] <–> Ethernet100m <–> hostB.ppp[0];

}

Implement the QoS-aware Routing Protocol

Generate a C++ class for a basic QoS-aware routing protocol that chooses routes based on QoS metrics such as delay and bandwidth.

#include <omnetpp.h>

#include <inet/networklayer/contract/IRoutingTable.h>

#include <inet/networklayer/common/L3AddressResolver.h>

#include <inet/applications/base/ApplicationBase.h>

using namespace omnetpp;

using namespace inet;

class QoSAwareRouter : public cSimpleModule

{

protected:

virtual void initialize() override;

virtual void handleMessage(cMessage *msg) override;

void routePacket(cPacket *packet);

double getPathDelay(const L3Address& destination);

double getPathBandwidth(const L3Address& destination);

};

Define_Module(QoSAwareRouter);

void QoSAwareRouter::initialize()

{

// Initialization code for the QoS-aware router

}

void QoSAwareRouter::handleMessage(cMessage *msg)

{

if (cPacket *packet = dynamic_cast<cPacket *>(msg)) {

routePacket(packet);

} else {

delete msg;

}

void QoSAwareRouter::routePacket(cPacket *packet)

{

L3Address destination = packet->getDestinationAddress();

// Example: Evaluate QoS metrics (delay, bandwidth) and select the best route

double delay = getPathDelay(destination);

double bandwidth = getPathBandwidth(destination);

EV << “Routing packet to ” << destination << ” with delay: ” << delay << ” ms and bandwidth: ” << bandwidth << ” Mbps” << endl;

// Example routing decision based on QoS

int outputGateIndex = 0; // Simplified decision for this example

send(packet, “ppp$o”, outputGateIndex);

}

double QoSAwareRouter::getPathDelay(const L3Address& destination)

{

// Placeholder: Calculate or estimate the delay for the path to the destination

return uniform(1.0, 5.0); // Example: Random delay between 1 and 5 ms

}

double QoSAwareRouter::getPathBandwidth(const L3Address& destination)

{

// Placeholder: Calculate or estimate the available bandwidth for the path to the destination

return uniform(10.0, 100.0); // Example: Random bandwidth between 10 and 100 Mbps

}

Modify Router Modules to Use the QoS-aware Routing Protocol

Expand the router modules to use the QoS-aware routing protocol.

simple Router extends inet.node.inet.Router

{

parameters:

@display(“i=device/router”);

numApps = 1;

app[0].typename = “QoSAwareRouter”;

}

Configure the Simulation in the .ini File

network = networkstructure.QoSAwareRoutingNetwork

sim-time-limit = 60s

# Application settings for hosts

**.hostA.app[0].destAddr = “hostB”;

**.hostA.app[0].destPort = 1000;

**.hostA.app[0].messageLength = 512B;

**.hostA.app[0].sendInterval = exponential(0.01s);

**.hostB.app[0].destAddr = “hostA”;

**.hostB.app[0].destPort = 1000;

**.hostB.app[0].messageLength = 512B;

**.hostB.app[0].sendInterval = exponential(0.02s);

# Routing settings

**.routerA.app[0].routingType = “QoSAwareRouter”;

**.routerB.app[0].routingType = “QoSAwareRouter”;

Explanation of the Example

Network Topology (QoSAwareRoutingNetwork.ned):
- The network consists of two routers (routerA and routerB) and two hosts (hostA and hostB), relevant through Ethernet links.
- The routers use a simple QoS-aware routing protocol to forward packets.
QoS-aware Routing Protocol (QoSAwareRouter.cc):
- The QoSAwareRouter module routes packets based on QoS metrics such as delay and bandwidth.
- The routing decision is simplified in this example, but it can be expanded to consider more complex scenarios and extra QoS metrics.
Simulation Configuration (omnetpp.ini):
- The .ini file configures the application layer traffic on the hosts and particularly that the routers use the QoS-aware routing protocol.

Running the Simulation

Compile project in OMNeT++ IDE and execcute the simulation.
Use OMNeT++’s tools to evaluate the performance of the QoS-aware routing protocol that concentrate on how well it meets the QoS requirements for various traffic types.

Extending the Example

Advanced QoS Metrics: Execute more sophisticated QoS metrics such as jitter, packet loss, or latency, and use them in the routing decision process.
Dynamic Traffic and Congestion: Establish dynamic traffic patterns and congestion to verify how well the QoS-aware routing adjusts to varying the network conditions.
QoS Classes: describe numerous QoS classes like real-time, best-effort and execute class-based routing to select the traffic.
Scalability: Expand the network to include more routers and hosts, and study how the QoS-aware routing protocol scales with network size and complexity.
Integration with Other Protocols: Incorporate the QoS-aware routing protocol with existing protocols like OSPF, AODV, or custom routing algorithm to enhance their performance with QoS support.

The above procedures will show you how to setup and execute the QoS-aware routing in OMNeT++ that enhances the quality of service in the network. We will describe how the QoS-aware routing is carried out in different simulation settings.

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