How to Implement Optics 5G networks in OMNeT++

To implement optics-based 5G networks in OMNeT++ needs to encompasses to mimic both the optical network components and the 5G wireless components that involve their communication. The integration of optical fibre networks and 5G technology is vital for allowing high-speed, low-latency communication that is necessary by modern applications. The below are the procedures to execute the optics-based 5G network in OMNeT++ with practical examples:

Step-by-Step Implementation:

Define the Network Architecture

5G Core Network: To involve the central network components such as 5G Core (5GC), responsible for handling the information and control planes.
Radio Access Network (RAN): Comprises the 5G base stations (gNodeB) that connect to user devices.
Optical Transport Network: Uses optical fibers to associate the 5G base stations to the core network that delivers the high-speed backhaul.

Create OMNeT++ Modules for 5G and Optical Components

gNodeB Module: It denotes a 5G base station that relevant to user devices (UEs) and forwards the information to the core network through the optical network.
UE Module: It signifies user devices like smartphones that interconnect to the 5G network.
Optical Fiber Module: Models the optical transport network that associate gNodeBs to the 5G core.
Optical Splitter Module: To emulate the passive optical splitter used in the optical network to share the signals.
5GC Module: It signifies the 5G Core that responsible for processing and routing data to and from the internet.

Example: gNodeB Module

simple gNodeB {

gates:

inout radioIn[10]; // For communication with UEs (up to 10 UEs for simplicity)

inout opticalOut; // For communication with the 5GC via optical fiber

}

Example: UE Module

simple UE {

gates:

inout radioOut; // For communication with the gNodeB

parameters:

double dataRate @unit(“Mbps”) = default(100); // Data rate for the UE

}

Example: Optical Fiber Module

simple OpticalFiber {

parameters:

double length @unit(“km”) = default(10); // Fiber length in kilometers

double attenuation @unit(“dB/km”) = default(0.2); // Attenuation in dB/km

double dataRate @unit(“Gbps”) = default(10); // Data rate of the optical fiber

gates:

in opticalIn; // Input from gNodeB

out opticalOut; // Output to 5GC

}

Example: 5GC Module

simple CoreNetwork {

gates:

inout opticalIn; // For receiving optical signals from gNodeBs

inout internetOut; // For communication with the internet or external networks

}

Implement the Internal Logic of Each Component

gNodeB Logic: To manage the transmission and reception of radio signals from UEs and forward data to the core network over the optical fiber.
UE Logic: To manage communication with the gNodeB that has encompasses to sending and receiving data.
Optical Fiber Logic: To mimic the transmission of data over the fiber, accounting for reduction and other optical damages.
Core Network Logic: Process data from the gNodeBs and handle the connections to external networks.

Example: gNodeB Logic in C++

#include <omnetpp.h>

class gNodeB : public omnetpp::cSimpleModule {

protected:

virtual void handleMessage(omnetpp::cMessage *msg) override;

};

Define_Module(gNodeB);

void gNodeB::handleMessage(omnetpp::cMessage *msg) {

if (strcmp(msg->getName(), “radioData”) == 0) {

// Forward data to optical fiber

send(msg, “opticalOut”);

} else if (strcmp(msg->getName(), “opticalData”) == 0) {

// Process data from the core network and forward to UEs

send(msg, “radioIn”, 0); // Example: send to the first UE

}

Example: Optical Fiber Logic in C++

#include <omnetpp.h>

class OpticalFiber : public omnetpp::cSimpleModule {

protected:

virtual void handleMessage(omnetpp::cMessage *msg) override;

virtual void initialize() override;

double length;

double attenuation;

};

Define_Module(OpticalFiber);

void OpticalFiber::initialize() {

length = par(“length”);

attenuation = par(“attenuation”);

}

void OpticalFiber::handleMessage(omnetpp::cMessage *msg) {

// Simulate attenuation

double powerLoss = length * attenuation;

EV << “Optical signal attenuated by ” << powerLoss << ” dB over ” << length << ” km.\n”;

sendDelayed(msg, 0.001, “opticalOut”); // Forward data with a small delay

}

Integrate the Components in a NED File

State the network topology that associates UEs to gNodeBs, gNodeBs to the optical network, and the optical network to the 5GC.
To mention the source and destination nodes for the communication session.

Example: Optics-Based 5G Network Topology in NED

network Optics5GNetwork {

submodules:

gnb: gNodeB;

ue[3]: UE; // 3 UEs for simplicity

fiber: OpticalFiber;

core: CoreNetwork;

connections allowunconnected:

ue[0].radioOut –> gnb.radioIn[0];

ue[1].radioOut –> gnb.radioIn[1];

ue[2].radioOut –> gnb.radioIn[2];

gnb.opticalOut –> fiber.opticalIn;

fiber.opticalOut –> core.opticalIn;

}

Simulate and Analyze the 5G Optical Network

Compile: Make sure that all modules are compiled in OMNeT++.
Execute: execute the simulation to monitor how information is transferred from UEs to the core network through the gNodeBs and optical fiber.
Analyse: Use OMNeT++ tools to measure the network’s performance, like latency, throughput, and signal quality.

Advanced Features

Dynamic Spectrum Sharing: Execute dynamic spectrum sharing among the UEs to effectively use the available radio resources.
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM): Expand the optical network to help WDM that permits multiple wavelengths to carry various information streams instantaneously.
Quality of Service (QoS): Execute QoS mechanisms to select the various kinds of traffic in the 5G network.

Example: Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)

WDM Multiplexer: Apply a WDM multiplexer to incorporate multiple optical signals into a single fiber.
WDM Demultiplexer: Execute a WDM demultiplexer at the receiving end to isolate the integration the signals back into their original wavelengths.

Example: WDM Multiplexer in NED

simple WDMMultiplexer {

gates:

in opticalIn[4]; // Four input wavelengths

out opticalOut; // Combined output

connections:

opticalIn[0] –> opticalOut;

opticalIn[1] –> opticalOut;

opticalIn[2] –> opticalOut;

opticalIn[3] –> opticalOut;

}

At the end of the module, we all understood the implementation procedures to execute and validate the optics 5G network using the OMNeT++ tool. If you need more details regarding the optics 5G networks we will provide it.

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