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How to Implement Network 3D Beam alignment in OMNeT++

To implement the 3D beam alignment in OMNeT++ we have to encompass mimicking the process where beamforming arrays or directional antennas modify their beams in three dimensions (azimuth, elevation) to begin and keep a strong communication link among nodes. This is especially related for mmWave and 5G networks, where high-frequency signals need detailed beam alignment to overcome signal degradation. For more simulation results you can contact omnet-manual.com.

The following is a step-by-step approaches to executing 3D beam alignment in OMNeT++ using the INET framework:

Step-by-Step Implementations:

  1. Set Up OMNeT++ and INET Framework:
  • Install OMNeT++: Make sure OMNeT++ is installed and configured on the system.
  • Install INET Framework: Download and install the INET framework, which offers simulations for wireless communication and antenna systems.
  1. Define the Network Topology:

Make a network topology where nodes like base stations and mobile users, want to align their beams in 3D to create a communication link.

Example NED File (BeamAlignmentNetwork.ned):

package mynetwork;

import inet.node.inet.StandardHost;

import inet.node.inet.AccessPoint;

network BeamAlignmentNetwork

{

submodules:

baseStation: AccessPoint {

@display(“p=500,500”);

}

mobileNode: StandardHost {

@display(“p=300,300”);

}

}

In this example:

  • baseStation: Signifies a fixed node, like a 5G base station.
  • mobileNode: Denotes a mobile node that wants to align its beam with the base station.
  1. Configure Antenna Models:

Use the INET framework’s antenna models that help directional and steerable antennas. Configure these antennas for both the base station and the mobile node.

Example Configuration in omnetpp.ini:

[General]

network = BeamAlignmentNetwork

**.baseStation.wlan[0].radio.antenna.typename = “SteerableAntenna”

**.baseStation.wlan[0].radio.antenna.maxGain = 20dB

**.baseStation.wlan[0].radio.antenna.minGain = -10dB

**.baseStation.wlan[0].radio.antenna.beamWidth = 30deg

**.mobileNode.wlan[0].radio.antenna.typename = “SteerableAntenna”

**.mobileNode.wlan[0].radio.antenna.maxGain = 15dB

**.mobileNode.wlan[0].radio.antenna.minGain = -10dB

**.mobileNode.wlan[0].radio.antenna.beamWidth = 30deg

In this configuration:

  • SteerableAntenna: This kinds permits the antenna to modify its direction (azimuth and elevation) to align with other nodes.
  • maxGain and minGain: State the antenna’s gain features.
  • beamWidth: Outlines the width of the antenna’s beam, impacting how precise the alignment wants to be.
  1. Implement 3D Beam Alignment Logic:

The beam alignment process contains scanning the 3D space like azimuth and elevation to discover the best alignment for communication. Perform a simple beam alignment algorithm in the node’s communication stack.

Example: 3D Beam Scanning and Alignment (C++)

#include “inet/common/INETDefs.h”

#include “inet/physicallayer/contract/packetlevel/IRadio.h”

#include “inet/physicallayer/analogmodel/packetlevel/ScalarTransmission.h”

#include “inet/physicallayer/antenna/SteerableAntenna.h”

Define_Module(MobileNode);

void MobileNode::initialize() {

// Initial beam alignment settings

currentAzimuth = 0;

currentElevation = 0;

alignmentStep = 10;  // Step size for scanning in degrees

maxAzimuth = 360;  // Full circle

maxElevation = 90; // From horizon to zenith

// Start the alignment process

scheduleAt(simTime(), scanTimer);

}

void MobileNode::handleMessage(cMessage *msg) {

if (msg == scanTimer) {

performBeamAlignment();

scheduleAt(simTime() + scanInterval, scanTimer);  // Continue scanning

} else {

// Handle other messages (e.g., packets)

// …

}

}

void MobileNode::performBeamAlignment() {

// Adjust azimuth and elevation

if (currentElevation >= maxElevation) {

currentAzimuth += alignmentStep;

currentElevation = 0;

} else {

currentElevation += alignmentStep;

}

if (currentAzimuth >= maxAzimuth) {

currentAzimuth = 0;  // Reset for next round

}

// Set the antenna orientation

auto antenna = check_and_cast<SteerableAntenna*>(getParentModule()->getSubmodule(“wlan”)->getSubmodule(“radio”)->getSubmodule(“antenna”));

antenna->setOrientation(currentAzimuth, currentElevation);

EV << “Antenna adjusted to azimuth: ” << currentAzimuth << “, elevation: ” << currentElevation << “\n”;

// Measure signal quality (e.g., SNR, RSSI) and decide if this is the best alignment

double signalQuality = measureSignalQuality();

if (signalQuality > bestSignalQuality) {

bestSignalQuality = signalQuality;

bestAzimuth = currentAzimuth;

bestElevation = currentElevation;

EV << “Best alignment found at azimuth: ” << bestAzimuth << “, elevation: ” << bestElevation << “\n”;

}

}

double MobileNode::measureSignalQuality() {

// Placeholder for signal quality measurement (e.g., based on SNR or RSSI)

return uniform(0, 1);  // Random value for this example

}

In this example:

  • performBeamAlignment(): Tests the 3D space by modifying the azimuth and elevation of the antenna.
  • measureSignalQuality(): Calculates the signal quality for the present beam orientation to determine the best alignment.
  1. Simulate and Monitor Beam Alignment:

Run the simulation and display the beam alignment process. We can track metrics like signal strength (RSSI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and the time taken to attain optimal alignment.

Example Configuration for Recording Signal Quality Metrics:

[General]

network = BeamAlignmentNetwork

**.mobileNode.app[0].signalQuality.recordScalar = true

**.mobileNode.app[0].alignmentTime.recordScalar = true

This configuration records the signal quality and the time taken to succeed the best beam alignment.

  1. Analyse and Optimize the Beam Alignment Process:

Examine the results to determine the effectiveness of the beam alignment process, after running the simulation. Consider factors like:

  • Time to align: How long it takes for the nodes to accomplish optimal alignment.
  • Signal quality: The quality of the signal after alignment.
  • Energy consumption: The energy cost of execution the alignment process.
  1. Extend the Beam Alignment Algorithm:

We can improve the simple beam alignment algorithm with extra features like:

  • Adaptive Scanning: Dynamically modify the scanning granularity based on the environment.
  • Real-time Feedback: Endlessly modify the beam based on real-time feedback while communication.
  • Multi-user Beamforming: Execute algorithms that permit a base station to align beams with several users concurrently.

Example: Adaptive Scanning

void MobileNode::performBeamAlignment() {

// Adjust azimuth and elevation with adaptive step size

if (currentElevation >= maxElevation) {

currentAzimuth += alignmentStep;

currentElevation = 0;

} else {

currentElevation += alignmentStep;

}

if (currentAzimuth >= maxAzimuth) {

currentAzimuth = 0;

alignmentStep = alignmentStep / 2;  // Reduce step size for finer adjustment

}

// Set the antenna orientation and measure signal quality

// …

}

  1. Document and Report Findings:

After finishing the simulations, document the beam alignment strategy, the performance metrics, and any optimizations made. It will support in knowing the trade-offs among alignment time, signal quality, and complete network performance.

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