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How to implement leach routing in OMNeT++

To implement the Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) used in wireless sensor networks to decrease energy consumption by clustering nodes and rotating cluster heads. It is a well-known hierarchical routing protocol. To executing LEACH in OMNeT++ includes to generating a network of sensor nodes where nodes are arranged into clusters, and each cluster has its head that communicates with the base station.

Now we see step-by-step process to implementing LEACH routing in OMNeT++:

Step-by-Step Implementations:

Step 1: Set Up OMNeT++ and INET Framework

  1. Install OMNeT++:
    • Make sure OMNeT++ is installed on the system. We can download it from the OMNeT++
  2. Install the INET Framework:
    • Download and install the INET Framework, which offers different of networking protocols and models. INET can be downloaded from the INET GitHub repository.
  3. Optional – Castalia Framework:
    • For WSN simulations, we could consider using the Castalia framework, is built on top of OMNeT++ and is exactly designed for WSNs. This framework contains LEACH as a built-in protocol, which can be modified.

Step 2: Create a New OMNeT++ Project

  1. Create the Project:
    • Open OMNeT++ and build a new OMNeT++ project through File > New > OMNeT++ Project.
    • Name the project like LEACHRoutingSimulation and set up the project directory.
  2. Set Up Project Dependencies:
    • Make sure the project references the INET Framework or Castalia (if used) by right-clicking on the project in the Project Explorer, directing to Properties > Project References, and verifying the correct project.

Step 3: Define the Network Topology

  1. Create a NED File:
    • Express the network topology using the NED language. This topology will contain sensor nodes and a base station.

Example:

network LEACHNetwork

{

submodules:

baseStation: StandardHost;

sensor1: WirelessHost;

sensor2: WirelessHost;

sensor3: WirelessHost;

sensor4: WirelessHost;

sensor5: WirelessHost;

connections allowunconnected:

sensor1.wlanRadio <–> sensor2.wlanRadio;

sensor2.wlanRadio <–> sensor3.wlanRadio;

sensor3.wlanRadio <–> sensor4.wlanRadio;

sensor4.wlanRadio <–> sensor5.wlanRadio;

sensor1.wlanRadio <–> baseStation.wlanRadio;

sensor5.wlanRadio <–> baseStation.wlanRadio;

}

  1. Configure Network Parameters:
    • Set up essential wireless network parameters like transmission power, data rate, and propagation delay.

Step 4: Implement the LEACH Protocol

  1. Define the LEACH Module:
    • Make a new module in NED for the LEACH protocol. This module will manage clustering, cluster head selection, and data transmission to the base station.

Example (in NED):

simple LEACHRouting

{

parameters:

@display(“i=block/network2”);

gates:

inout radioIn;

inout radioOut;

}

  1. Implement LEACH Logic in C++:
    • Implement the LEACH protocol logic in C++. It encompasses cluster formation, random selection of cluster heads, data aggregation, and communication with the base station.

Example (C++ implementation):

#include “inet/common/INETDefs.h”

#include “inet/networklayer/contract/IRoutingTable.h”

#include “inet/networklayer/ipv4/IPv4RoutingTable.h”

class LEACHRouting : public cSimpleModule

{

private:

bool isClusterHead;

double energyLevel;

std::vector<int> clusterMembers;

int clusterHeadID;

protected:

virtual void initialize() override;

virtual void handleMessage(cMessage *msg) override;

void selectClusterHead();

void communicateWithClusterHead();

void transmitToBaseStation();

};

Define_Module(LEACHRouting);

void LEACHRouting::initialize() {

isClusterHead = false;

energyLevel = 1.0;  // Assume all nodes start with full energy

// Initial cluster head selection

selectClusterHead();

}

void LEACHRouting::handleMessage(cMessage *msg) {

if (isClusterHead) {

// Handle messages from cluster members

// Aggregate data and prepare to send to base station

communicateWithClusterHead();

} else {

// Handle messages to/from the cluster head

// Forward data to cluster head

transmitToBaseStation();

}

// After a certain period, re-select cluster heads to distribute energy usage

if (uniform(0, 1) < 0.05) {

selectClusterHead();

}

}

void LEACHRouting::selectClusterHead() {

// Simple random cluster head selection

if (uniform(0, 1) < 0.1) {

isClusterHead = true;

EV << “Node ” << getId() << ” became cluster head.” << endl;

} else {

isClusterHead = false;

EV << “Node ” << getId() << ” is a regular node.” << endl;

}

}

void LEACHRouting::communicateWithClusterHead() {

// Cluster head receives data from members, aggregates it, and prepares for transmission

EV << “Cluster head ” << getId() << ” is aggregating data.” << endl;

}

void LEACHRouting::transmitToBaseStation() {

// Transmit aggregated data to the base station

EV << “Cluster head ” << getId() << ” transmitting to base station.” << endl;

}

    • Cluster Head Selection: Nodes are randomly selected themselves as cluster heads with a sure probability.
    • Data Aggregation: Cluster heads receive data from their members, aggregate it, and then send it to the base station.
    • Energy Efficiency: The protocol would manage node energy levels, re-select cluster heads occasionally to deliver energy usage evenly.

Step 5: Set Up the Simulation

  1. Configure the Simulation in omnetpp.ini:
    • Set up the simulation parameters, like simulation time, network settings, and traffic patterns.

Example:

[General]

network = LEACHNetwork

sim-time-limit = 500s

**.scalar-recording = true

**.vector-recording = true

# Application traffic configuration (if needed)

*.sensor*.numApps = 1

*.sensor*.app[0].typename = “UdpBasicApp”

*.sensor*.app[0].destAddress = “baseStation”

*.sensor*.app[0].destPort = 5000

*.sensor*.app[0].messageLength = 512B

*.sensor*.app[0].sendInterval = exponential(2s)

  1. Traffic Configuration:
    • Configure the traffic pattern for sensor nodes to generate data that will be shown to the base station.

Step 6: Run the Simulation

  1. Compile the Project:
    • Make sure everything is correctly implemented and compiled.
  2. Run Simulations:
    • Perform the simulations using OMNeT++’s IDE or command line. Observe the performance of the LEACH protocol, particularly how cluster heads are selected and how data is aggregated and transmitted.

Step 7: Analyse the Results

  1. Monitor Energy Consumption:
    • Evaluate how evenly energy consumption is distributed across nodes. Assess how energy is consumed over time by the sensor nodes.
  2. Evaluate Network Lifetime:
    • Evaluate the network’s operational lifetime before nodes start how long it functions to reduce their energy.
  3. Scalars and Vectors:
    • To record and analyse scalar and vector data, like cluster head rotations, energy consumption, and data packet delivery by using OMNeT++ tools.

Step 8: Refine and Optimize the Protocol

  1. Optimize Cluster Head Selection:
    • Consider implementing advanced cluster head selection algorithms. It take node energy levels into account to more extend network lifetime.
  2. Optimize Data Aggregation:
    • Optimize data aggregation method to reduce energy consumption and minimize redundant transmissions.
  3. Re-Test:
    • Validate improvement to run the simulation again with the optimized protocol.

In this paper we showed that getting more knowledge to define network topology, leach module and implement leach logic in C++ are helps to execute Leach Routing in OMNeT++. Further insights will be offered matched with your requirements. To implement the Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) on omnet++ tool you can contact us for best simulation results.

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