How to Implement Allocation in HetNets in OMNeT++
To implement the resource allocation in Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) in OMNeT++ has encompasses mimicking various kinds of cells like macro cells, micro cells, pico cells, and femto cells and assigning resources such as bandwidth, power, or channels between users related to these cells. The process normally contains setting up a HetNet scenario, describing resource allocation policies, and then mimicking the allocation process. Given below is a step-by-step procedure with examples to implement the allocation in HetNet in OMNeT++.
Step-by-Step Implementations:
Step 1: Set Up the OMNeT++ Environment
Make sure that OMNeT++ and essential models like INET or Simu5G (for LTE/5G networks) are installed and configured correctly.
Step 2: Define the HetNet Components
State the components of the HetNet, like numerous types of base stations such as macro, micro, pico, femto and user equipment (UE).
Example HetNet Components Definition
// Macro Base Station (MBS)
module MacroBaseStation
{
gates:
inout backhaul;
inout wireless;
}
// Small Cell Base Station (SBS)
module SmallCellBaseStation
{
gates:
inout backhaul;
inout wireless;
}
// User Equipment (UE)
module UserEquipment
{
gates:
inout wireless;
}
Step 3: Create the HetNet Scenario
Describe a network that contains several kinds of base stations and user equipment. The base stations are connected through backhaul links, and UEs connect to the closest base station.
Example HetNet Network Definition
network HetNet
{
submodules:
macroBS: MacroBaseStation;
smallBS1: SmallCellBaseStation;
smallBS2: SmallCellBaseStation;
ue1: UserEquipment;
ue2: UserEquipment;
ue3: UserEquipment;
router: Router;
core: CoreNetworkNode;
connections allowunconnected:
macroBS.backhaul <–> EthernetCable <–> router.ethg++;
smallBS1.backhaul <–> EthernetCable <–> router.ethg++;
smallBS2.backhaul <–> EthernetCable <–> router.ethg++;
router.ethg++ <–> EthernetCable <–> core.backhaul++;
ue1.wireless <–> IdealWirelessLink <–> macroBS.wireless;
ue2.wireless <–> IdealWirelessLink <–> smallBS1.wireless;
ue3.wireless <–> IdealWirelessLink <–> smallBS2.wireless;
}
Step 4: Define Resource Allocation Policies
State how resources like bandwidth, power, and channels are assigned to the UEs. It can be done using custom modules or by extending existing ones.
Example Resource Allocation Module (Simplified)
Now, we can describe a basic policy that allocates equal bandwidth to each UE associated to a base station.
class ResourceAllocator : public cSimpleModule
{
protected:
virtual void handleMessage(cMessage *msg) override;
virtual void allocateResources();
};
void ResourceAllocator::handleMessage(cMessage *msg)
{
allocateResources();
send(msg, “out”); // Send the message to the next module
}
void ResourceAllocator::allocateResources()
{
// Example allocation logic: Equal bandwidth allocation
double totalBandwidth = 100.0; // Total bandwidth in Mbps
int numUEs = 3; // Number of UEs (this would be dynamically calculated)
double allocatedBandwidth = totalBandwidth / numUEs;
EV << “Allocated Bandwidth per UE: ” << allocatedBandwidth << ” Mbps” << endl;
// Allocation logic would update each UE’s bandwidth accordingly
}
Step 5: Integrate the Resource Allocation Module
Incorporate the resource allocation module into the HetNet network by adding it to the base stations.
Example Integration
// Extend the MacroBaseStation to include resource allocation
module MacroBaseStation
{
submodules:
allocator: ResourceAllocator; // Resource allocation module
gates:
inout backhaul;
inout wireless;
}
// Extend the SmallCellBaseStation similarly
module SmallCellBaseStation
{
submodules:
allocator: ResourceAllocator; // Resource allocation module
gates:
inout backhaul;
inout wireless;
}
Step 6: Configure the Simulation Parameters
Set up the simulation parameters, like the number of UEs, the kind of traffic, and the features of the wireless channels, in the .ini file.
Example Configuration
[General]
network = HetNet
sim-time-limit = 100s
# Wireless communication parameters
*.ue*.wireless.transmissionPower = 20mW
*.ue*.wireless.dataRate = 100Mbps
*.ue*.wireless.carrierFrequency = 2.5GHz
*.macroBS.wireless.transmissionPower = 200mW
*.smallBS*.wireless.transmissionPower = 50mW
# Backhaul link parameters
*.macroBS.backhaul.datarate = 10Gbps
*.smallBS*.backhaul.datarate = 1Gbps
*.router.ethg*.datarate = 1Gbps
*.core.backhaul.datarate = 10Gbps
Step 7: Define Traffic Patterns
To mimic the network, describe the traffic patterns among UEs and the core network or between UEs. It can be done using traffic generators such as TCP or UDP applications.
Example Traffic Configuration
# Traffic generation at UEs
*.ue1.numApps = 1
*.ue1.app[0].typename = “UdpBasicApp”
*.ue1.app[0].destAddress = “10.0.0.1” # Core network address
*.ue1.app[0].destPort = 5000
*.ue1.app[0].messageLength = 1024B
*.ue1.app[0].sendInterval = exponential(1s)
*.ue2.numApps = 1
*.ue2.app[0].typename = “UdpBasicApp”
*.ue2.app[0].destAddress = “10.0.0.1” # Core network address
*.ue2.app[0].destPort = 5000
*.ue2.app[0].messageLength = 1024B
*.ue2.app[0].sendInterval = exponential(1s)
*.ue3.numApps = 1
*.ue3.app[0].typename = “UdpBasicApp”
*.ue3.app[0].destAddress = “10.0.0.1” # Core network address
*.ue3.app[0].destPort = 5000
*.ue3.app[0].messageLength = 1024B
*.ue3.app[0].sendInterval = exponential(1s)
Step 8: Run the Simulation
Compile and run the simulation. Observe how the resources are allocated to the UEs and how traffic flows via the network.
Step 9: Analyse the Results
After running the simulation, use OMNeT++’s analysis tools to assess the performance of the HetNet. Analyse metrics like throughput, latency, allocation, bandwidth and fairness in resource distribution.
Step 10: Extend the Simulation (Optional)
Depending on the research goals, we can expand the simulation by inserting more difficult resource allocation algorithms, familiarising mobility to UEs, or mimicking various kinds of traffic like voice, video.
In this page, we had describe the approaches on how to execute the allocation using HetNets in OMNeT++. Extra details will be offered regarding allocation in HetNets in various tools. We are here to provide you with the best guidance and support for simulation performance as you implement allocation in HetNets using the OMNeT++ tool.