Introduction of Castalia simulator

   In our daily routine, we use more than more technology for our daily needs. This kind of technology makes our life more comfortable and happy. Do your thing without technology our life is cannot be move. So, this is needed to know what are technologies are used in our daily routine.

“In this article, we will discuss Castalia and how we create a Castalia simulator and what kind of algorithms used for these simulator features of the simulator and so on”

 Castalia is easily related to the radio. Castalia is built in the platform is called OMNet++ with NED language and it is designed for testing distributing algorithms and wireless channel protocol and radio models. The behavior of this simulator refers to access the radio technologies. From the following topics, we know more knowledge about the Castalia simulator.

Wireless Sensor Networks with Castalia

 LEACH protocol for Castalia

• This protocol is used to minimize the energy of the network to increase the lifetime of the network.
• LEACH is a TDMA-based MAC protocol.
• WSN is a self-adaptive for using this protocol and CH (Cluster Head) is selected dynamically and the nodes select a Cluster Head by themselves.

LEACH protocol divides the network into multiple rounds, each round consists of two phases. The first phase is the setup phase and another one is the Steady phase. The details of these phases are given below,

1) Setup phase: In this phase, LEACH encourages the remaining high-energy level nodes to Cluster Head. It can be classified into three stages. The stages are,

• Advertise message for CH election
• Cluster setup by acknowledgments

2)Steady phase: In this second phase, which node is doesn’t have the CH it’s waiting until the advertisement packet sends CH and chooses node based on least energy.

Thus, the above content is known about LEACH protocol and its phases and how LEACH Assign the Cluster Node with the least energy. Then, we discuss how to create a folder for Castalia. Creating a protocol has some procedures, first, we will create a folder in a specified path and each folder has a different file.

How to create LEACH protocol Module with Castalia?

• Step 1: Create a Folder for the Castalia module.
  • /Castalia 3.2/Castalia/src/node/communication/routing.
• Step 2: Create a folder name as leachRouting. This folder has multiple files. 
  • Filename: LeachRoutingPacket.msg, LeachRoutingPacket.h,     
  • LeachRoutingPacket.cc                  
  • Use: Contain structure of packets
  • Automatically generate methods for a packet to get methods.
  • File Name: LeachRouting.h, LeachRouting.cc
  • Use: Define the behavior of nodes.
  • File Name: LeachRouting.ned
  • Use: Allows modification without recompilation.

The above steps are followed to create a Castalia with LEACH protocol Module. Then we know about routing data packet structure and under this topic, we also discuss with enum variables and what programming language and platform is used in the Castalia simulator.

Data packet structure for Routing:n Routing Data Packet is having more number variables for a different purposes. We will see the enum variable and its uses in this section.

An enum variable is used for LeachRoutingPacket and Easy to packet management.

Castalia simulation has generation set and collect the libraries using leachroutingpacket m.h, and also m.cc file 

For the access of RoutingPacket parameter it is necessary to inherit LeachRoutingPacket.msg from the Castalia RoutingPacket module. 

After that, C++ programming makes this Castalia at a long running time.

The research process is going on for short the programming time for Castalia while executing OMNet++ using NED 

  Until we discuss the topics under Wireless Sensor Networks with Castalia in this topic mainly focused on LEACH protocol and creation of leach protocol with Castalia. Then Structure of routing data packets. Next, we will go to the other topic Wireless Body Area Network using Castalia Simulator. Castalia is a model for Wireless sensor networks and low-power networks commonly used in researches.

Wireless Body Area Network with Castalia

• The simulation methods were used to validate and design a Wireless Body Area Network device.
• For monitoring symptoms in human blood using body sensors in WBAN.
• Wearable devices (Smart Watches) transmit the sensing data to the hub node and it passes the data to the coordinator of the body.
• Using communication standards are,
• Baseline MAC(IEEE 802.15.6)
• ZigBee MAC (IEEE 802.15.4)

And, This WBAN system consists of three phases for successfully sending the       

sensing data to the body coordinator. This process has a special internet connection. These are some basics of wireless body Area Networking with the use of Castalia simulators. The following topic is the system model for WBAN.

WBAN System Model

             In this system there are 6 sensor nodes are used to increase the Efficient of the system, scalability, and stability using OMNeT++ platforms. This system consists of,

• Sensors: Electrocardiogram Sensor,

                 Drug delivery sensor,

                 Blood pressure-track sensor,

                 Glucose-track sensor

                 Body coordinator (hub).

• These kinds of sensors are used to monitor the patient’s blood pressure level, Glucose content of the body, etc.
• Simulation on WBAN with real experiments is essential and it improves the development of WBAN.
• Set the parameters for WBAN simulators it’s useful to separate factors and users can isolate based on the factors.

Thus the system consist of sensors and each sensor collects the data and gives it to the body coordinator based on the results patients can separate under different factors based on the sensor and simulation parameters. The following parameters are used in the WBAN system.

Castalia Simulation Parameters

  Here, we have some parameters for simulation and its type.

• Parameters: Network Start Topology

             Type: WBAN

• Parameter : MAC Protocol ZigBEEMAC

           Type: IEEE 802.15.4

• Parameter: MAC Protocol Baseline MAC

           Type: IEEE 802.15.6

• Parameter: Scheduled Access Polling ON

           Type: General

• Parameter: Scheduled Access Polling ON

          Type: no-Temporal

• Parameter: Random Access Polling OFF

          Type: no-Temporal

• Parameter: Random Access Polling OFF

          Type: General

Parameters for Sensor

            Here, we see six kinds of sensor nodes and the location of that sensor in the human body.

• Sensor node: Body-Node-0 Coordinator

        Location: Right Hip

• Sensor node: Body-Node-1 Coordinator

       Location: Left-Arm

• Sensor node: Body-Node-2 Coordinator

       Location: Right-Arm

• Sensor node: Body-Node-3 Coordinator

       Location: Left-Ankle

• Sensor node: Body-Node-4 Coordinator

       Location: Right Ankle

• Sensor node: Body-Node-5 Coordinator

       Location: Chest-Centre

The above parameters are considered while the patient is monitoring and this sensor is attached to the human body. Given below parameters are used for the simulation process and its type. Using these kinds of parameters WBAN system can maintain the patient health information and if they find any changes in a result that patients are isolated based on some factors. Then, we will discuss the features of the Castalia.

Features of Castalia Simulator 

• Performs mobility operations 
• Modules are imported for modeling the devices 
• Huge performance in QoS OMNet++ simulator.
• Routine modulation using SNR-BER curve.
• Realistic wireless body area network simulation
• Routing protocols and MAC protocols are used 

Above mentioned points are shown the features of simulation. So far we will discuss the Castalia, LEACH protocol, WBAN system, and what are the parameters used in WBAN with its system model. We have several projects based on WBAN also and our experts provide you best and satisfactory answers for your questions based on the Castalia simulator and other topics also. Finally, we see about what is the output given by the simulation process.

Simulation outputs

The output of this simulation process is to find or track the data and information. Some kinds of methods and extensions are used for getting output. There are,

• Castalia trace () has a specific structure and steams the data into a file.
• For tracing the data, simulation milestones, and information Trace.txt is used.
• The module trace () << [string or variable] is used to define a module.

We hope this article is useful and it gives an idea about Castalia simulator and its working and also the Wireless Body Area Network and its system models. We have experts on this kind of topic and they will provide the best guide all over modern technologies also.